Kind: captions
Language: en
don't okay for me another
okay oh another one two minutes maybe
so
okay i might leave me before we start
the session please
good morning to all the participants let
me introduce myself again my name is
as your house for today and
for this session we will be moderate by
professor chandra city and today we have
a very
interesting interesting interesting
topic it's about
emerging technologies and on-site
wastewater treatment
that will present by professor
okay before we
start we before we proceed to the
lectures uh i will
allow me to show
to the participant first about
more about uh professor contacted
but his biography
so uh there is a gentleman
so professor thomas is a professor
of the environmental engineering
management of the asian
institute of technology thailand he is
an internationally recognized
professional
on fecal sludge management sanitation
systems
and wastewater treatment technology his
major scholarly
contributions include publications
of more than 60 referee international
journals papers
3 books and 9 book chapters he has
invented sanitation technologies
one of which is added to his
credit and several uh feeling
he has joined jointly develop a
professional master degree
program in regenerative sanitation and
method
18 doctoral students he has secured
significant
fun projects including research and
training grants
and most notably the bill and belinda
great
foundation grants on decentralized
wastewater management in developing
countries
design operation and monitoring
it has contributed significantly to
capacity
building in fecal sludge management and
decentralized wastewater treatment
systems
in thailand and abroad including
capacity
strengthening of policymakers so
uh that was about uh
professor tamarkotta so uh
without wasting any more time i would
like to
give the session to our moderate
moderator uh
professor chandra said you may proceed
okay
uh good morning so so i surely
study
the picture of professor tamara because
he is a big fan of the liverpool
and this year he is the
the champions the league champions so
uh you'll never walk alone
so uh professor tamara
is a friend of mine so we will
proceed with uh his lecture via uh
has been uh mentioned by ahmad saudi
his lecture is about the emerging
technology on on-site
uh with visual treatment uh
for domestic visual treatment uh uh
tamara you will control by yourself for
uh the presentation
uh you are still on mute okay you
control by myself
okay okay please go ahead please the
time is your camera
okay so telling makassi
and telemachus the participants that
joining me to
celebrate the champions league
thanks a lot for that anyway i will try
to give you
the ideas of that what would be the
so-called emerging technologies
on the on-site wastewater treatment
system in my opinion
and or in my experience as well
okay you can see you can hear me well
right
yes yes great great very nice so as
introduced by that
we have involved in the quite sizable
brands from the
building melinda gates foundations that
the name of the program
is about the reinventing the toilets
program which
i'd like to share with you that how
should we develop and
how should we consider
the technologies to be further developed
and applied
then i'd like to also address to you
that
we need to talk about that sanitation
step in particular to
the on-site wastewater treatment system
or the
centralized wastewater treatment system
we need to achieve the sdg
sdt6 in particular which i try to
propose to the
the society that simulations we can
reach up to that
simulation 4.0 as well similar to those
the industrial license or some others
that
we need to step up not rather than just
having the toilets but
we need to think about that how you
should improve
the system is better then
my key outlines for today discussions or
the presentations
and then of course your question and
answer from your site would be very
important as well that we can discuss
about
the the unveiled sanitation challenges
is that very important at least to my
country to my opinions that uh quite
similar to indonesia and some other
developing countries
we remain lots of challenges that
we may not be able to achieve simply by
having a new
pipes a new treatment system but we need
to think
in a way another way around so that he
highlights would be
about the innovations and emerging
technologies that's very important for
us to talk today that
how should we develop innovations or we
just
think from the technology point of view
that well we can
use the the spaceship the toilets
applied to the slum in the jagada or in
bandung
but is that applicable applicable and
also acceptable
to the users or not that we need to
think about what would they mean
by innovations and also that some other
emerging technology
is that applicable to the the low income
societies or not
the last one i just like to address to
you is about that the wenger is to
overcome the sanitation challenges
whether our
emerging technology on the westward
treatment system can overcome the
sensation challenge or not
or do we need the others ranges as well
rather than just thinking of that well
we have to better toilets
we have a better onsite treatment
technologies
whether it is enough to overcome the
sanitation challenges or not that
which would be the room for discussion
further and i would propose
some idea that what would be the wedges
then just talk briefly about this
std6 that we may like to
discuss about that 6.2 and 6521.6.31
that talked about the open application
and improve quality of base water
treatment and sales reuse
you may have impressed that in thailand
we
achieve the mdg the millennium
development goal not
sdg quite successfully in the past
decades
but if we look into further details just
like to share with you that
well from the statistic we said 99.5
we have the success in providing the
toilets or the safe toilets to the
people
in the 19 by 2009
then most of the toilets would be
powerful system whereas only in the
urban city
this relies on the plus flexing system
or the flash tank system
that from the toilets and then the
most of the cases in the either in urban
or in the
urban or the rural area really lies on
the cesspit cesspool system
whereas we use very few the commercial
package or the treatment units but that
would be only for the new housing asset
will install such a system then
if we talked about the domestic
wastewater management in thailand in
particular
about 10 million cubic meters a day
produced from the about yet
a thousand local administrative
organizations all over the countries
we have 77 provinces and then the local
administrative organization we have many
more
but even we said we achieved mdg
in 2009 but we can
install only 105 centralized
wastewater treatment plants that in the
year 2018
and not so lucky that about that 105
treatment plants
only 60 is functioning whereas
the other 40 uh plants is not so
functioning well
so that they would have just a porn
system like
the the fish ponds but no one taking
care of the ponds then
it's not that functioning as we propose
to be
then it is invested already based on the
government budget
also the loans also from the the
the clients from many of the donors we
invested already
1.8 billion u.s dollar for such a
centralized treatment system then the
capacity of the 105 trillion plants we
can treat about
2.6 million cubic meters a day from
if they if they're functioning well then
it means that
the remaining every day is about
7 million cubic meter a days we did
charge
without any treatments to the
environment in thailand and majority of
the treatment system
as you can see here that majority would
be the stabilization pawns the various
conventional
traditional technologies that we use in
the rural
areas and in the city we may use active
dislodge
and some use that elected lagoons and
then
based on that we can say that well it's
not successfully
practiced to to cover all the treatment
plan and
after the 2018 so far until
this year we haven't heard any new
investment from the government
or from the development banks that they
would like to expand more
so that we still have a huge challenges
to to cover on this if you would like to
meet sdg
in the year 2030
but anyway another problem i'd just like
to share with you and this would be
uh for most of the country if you talk
about that
on-site treatment units so if you
thought about that
on site treatment system like the
cesspool septic tank
or commercial septic tank that's
available in the market
it is to me it's just a kind of a
storage
and then waiting for someone to empty
whereas there would be
a certain liquid efferent that can
connect to the combined silver or the
drainage system
that can discharge but whereas the
majority of the pollutions
the pollutants here in the septic tank
remains for
removed by the empty services if you
have
the the good system like the truck
then the empty truck or the wacom truck
can empty it for you
but if not many in the slum area you
still on the manual emptying services
which is not that good at all
and that's not that good
if you just use that truck to empty your
toilets but
you did charge right away to the water
bodies
then the if you are good enough you
should have
the fecal sludge treatment plants once
you have either the treatment system or
on site treatment system you need to
provide how should we
manage the sludge you collected from
that treatment system as well
or either to provide acid the
fertilizers or applied to the farmlands
that that would be the things that that
we would wish to go
but uh unview sanitation just like to
share with you
that uh as we mentioned about that 10
million
uh cubic meter a day so majority of the
treatment plans
is not covering the treatment system but
it is about that 27 or 30 percent at
most
but the remaining pollutants here from
the toilets it would be from
the cesspool from a specific thing that
the majority of the pollution will
go spy the record trucks whereas
you can notice here that almost 90
percent of the trucks
it collect the the sludge without any
treatment
and then they just ditch us somewhere
somehow on the land to the
rivers to the canals and then that could
cause
a heavy pollution as well so if we talk
like this to the the sdg
it we will not be able to uh
claim ourselves that we will soon comply
with the sdg that yeah if we talk about
sct we have to manage properly
all the sludge here as well rather than
just thinking of that center light
treatment system
and if you would like to divert the the
system on the onsite or the other design
system to be
the pipe or the silver system
then we need to stop using the
commercial setting tank on the cesspool
but i'm sure that it would be the same
as in your country in my country and in
other southeast asian countries so that
once we install
the drainage or the silver system we
still
use this kind of uh on-site system
that only the liquid parts will go
into the civil system so that would be
the the
the sanitation issues or the challenges
that we are facing so far
then that's why
just like to to share with you some
ideas that what would be
the solution and the solutions for the
toilets for
the pita trees for the septic tank for
the sewerage would that be okay or not
as we have uh study in the textbook in
many of that
the handbooks are so called that well if
you have the hankin toilets you just
provide the pig latrines or
if you have enough money for the septic
tank if you have
more money go to further zero system but
there would be many other issue upcoming
issues like um
what what about the flow orders or the
safety assets if they have to use like
that
so the conventional solution may not be
the
the the solution for all
like if you just copy the similar system
that used in japan in europe to provide
more and more civil rights system
the question would be up to your
government that you have enough budget
or not
on the the municipality that you have to
talk about hey
you have enough budget or the donor
would like to give you the loans for
this kind of system or not
so that would be the question so we need
to think another way around
but anyway if we talked about that the
total
pictures of the uh ancient
uh sanitation which still relies on
most of the the the decent alliance on
the on-site system system either in
thailand
you can see that 83 percent of the
equipped acetic tanks or in indonesia
you said about that at 63 percent
equipped with the septic tank
so that that's still there whether we
just stop using the septic tank and
convert to the
the big central treatment plants as
mentioned by the person marcos that
well it could be but what would be the
cost what would be the investment to do
or you may like to slowly improve your
septic tanks
to have a better treatment for
performance
and then of course you need to taking
care of that the fee costs
as well so that would be the the the
issues or the challenges or the word
the reasons that i would like to share
address to you
then that's why we have to talk about
data from the emerging technologies
how should we in the way that or
reinvent
our technologies from the existing
technology we have
so we should not just talk about the
technologies as on science or off-site
or the silver system or non-civil system
as such
but we need to think about that the
value change from this
sanitation revolutions if you propose to
go for the civil rights system
you may need to think about that well if
you connect to the
brother closest then connect right away
to the server and bump into the chipman
plans
yes ideally it would be nice like that
but
the course and also that if it is a new
city
new town new urban area you may be
possible to
do that simply but if it is a kind of
city like in jakarta or in bandung
should you convert the toilets
and then connect right away to the
silver system it's not that easy at all
well how should we improve here that
form the
the containments we have assessment
cesspool or the septic tank
and then how should you have the better
collection system
together with the treatment plan and
then that would be
so but we need to have the better fico
treatment system from here as well
so the question here would be that
whether we
have to go for the innovative or the
process or the contentments
you may have seen or you may have heard
about that uh
uh during migration toilets or the
zero flush toilets or one liter flush
toilets
that would be nice but whether it is
acceptable or functioning
in the practice or not that would be the
things that we can
think about innovations all the
containment is as well the septic tank
mostly is
used for contain the sludge and then
not really having a function of the
treatment whether we can
improve the treatment mechanism inside
the septic tank
inside assessment cesspool or not so
that the
the loading to the emptying or the
collection services could be lower
or even the truck itself whether we can
have a better
or how we can have the efficient trucks
in the with the equipment and then with
the treatment plan as well rather than
just using the the
centering base and then applying for the
fertilizers what are the other
technology
like convert into the bell gas or to the
biodiesels is that possible or not
so that would be lots of room for
improvement that the emerging technology
that we can fit into these
figures then that's why the mdg and sdg
targets we need to
comply with that would be your ideas or
your vision to go aside from your
countries
whether you just like to go that convert
or the city every city
to the civil cities or you still relies
on this kind of
on-site and with the fecal flux
treatment system and then
you can achieve the targets of the sdg
that's up to you to choose but i mostly
believe that most of the developing
country will still
reliance on this on-site or
decentralized treatment system
together with that because management
system we cannot
just change right away to the civil
system which is very very costly
in investment and no revenues to be
generated that you see from
the civil system so that's why
the ideas for innovation in emerging
desks
to come from the containment from the
toilet itself from the collection system
and from the technology
points then uh
i'd just like to share with you some
ideas that we have discussed in the past
and then
taking books thinking about that from
the toilets
apart from the low flush on dry products
if you can have the anti germs or dog
free
that would be better or not for the dry
toilet system and how can we
integrate this kind of disinfection
technologies
in the toilets and then we will have
less problem to the
collection system if we would like to
apply right away for the
fertilizers so that would be the things
another one would be that if you use a
dry toilet
mostly the complaint would be from the
order but how we can ensure that there
would be older
odorless toilets that that that we
should
provide as well from the containments or
the simple
suspicious system i'm sure that most of
the areas in
indonesia you still rely on that but
whether it is just functioning as
the solid separation only or whether you
can
improve or enhance the digestion process
inside the septic tank or not or whether
you can reduce the odor or
better to compose as well for the sludge
for the organic content inside that
in the truck as well we mostly relax on
either
the the six uh six cubic meter or twelve
cubic meter trucks
that uh from the japan or from china
that produce but whether we can
uh reinvent into that a smaller size
that
accessible to the very condensed area
like in the slum or in the dense area or
with the higher pressure or satellite
units
should there be any kind of processing
unit inside the truck natural that
we can talk about that later and in the
treatments
of course the low cost would be ideas
for the emerging technologies and then
further to that
we need to think further about what
would be the values of your buy products
apart from just to meet the standards
i'm sure that indonesia you're also
having the standards
and later you may need to go for the
more stringent standards but it doesn't
mean to do just to meet the standard
but if you can define better values of
your by products either in terms of the
gas
in terms of the liquids then you can get
the returns of the investment
and of course now today the germ-free
would be very important like the corona
virus
we also identify that many of the dna of
the virus
that can be determined by the effects of
the
septic tank or the treatment plan as
well so that would be the room for
innovations
but i just like to give you that some
ideas that in the past
not only from ait the building that gets
for the asians
they have invested all over the world
that
the best researchers the best scientists
that are you should
reinvent your toilets you invent your
treatment technologies
so some ideas that you can go into
inside but i'm not be able to to
disclose
everything because that would be some
kind of that
the patent issues of the technologies
the cortex
they selectively use this kind so called
electrochemical system to oxidize the
wastewater
ideally that would be very interesting
as for that instead of using a simple
biodegradation process but if you can
enhance
oxidization process throughout the
electrochemical
system then you can get the better
the bowel degradation and at the same
time you can produce
the chlorine from your chloride
in your urine and then you can use for
that disinfection process
so that would be some idea and then they
are now in that
in a way which to to to get into the
commercial products
with the chinese partners in in china
and then they also try to use that solar
panels as well
if it is used that much of the
electricity
in the production or in the operating of
the electrochemical system
then that would be some hints of the
system that they can use for about up to
500 users per day so it may not be
[Music]
good enough yet for the household system
but it would be good for the public
toilets or the
school or the big
the medium scale of the household system
then if you would like to get into more
details you can
get into this link that what would be
the detailed
design of that but of course they will
not disclose at
all because the all the technology it is
already attended
and then they transfer the technologies
to china and hopefully that with the
chinese
manufacturing skill we can reduce the
cost of investment
for these electrochemical distribution
processes
then the other one that you may have
seen many many
uh video clips from the builder case
themselves or even mr bilquez himself
he has demonstrated many times that
why don't we use this kind of products
to treat at source right away
so that cranfield university my
colleagues up there
they use so-called nano membranes to
remove
the dirtiness of the toilet waste water
and then
they use so-called that the dry system
but
the dry system is not very dry because
they use a kind of an unknown coating
materials that
all the fecal matters be not attached to
the
toilet bowls so that you can remove
right away and then
you can even palletize or classify the
gas
or the liquid parts from this couple of
technologies
so it's still a good process that you
can have
very good ideas but to come up to this
kind of
industrial design process that would be
interesting parts that
you can get much into detail said well
why don't we integrate all the possible
technology into
the small scale that that would be the
things that apart from thinking of only
the active
slash the concerted wetlands or why
don't we use this kind of uh
even up to membrane that i'm sure that
process chandra will talk to you about
the membrane that mostly for the
drinking water equipment system but why
don't we apply that even the nano
membrane and then with this kind of a
unique waterless
system then we can process into one but
of course the cost
would be still the problem and then the
other one would be that
the people acceptance of this kind of
products
if i were the user of the toilets
i once i sit on the toilets i would have
another
things to think about that well whether
it will be having
a certain bombs or exposed
or we have the electricity running down
here with
the screw then whether we trust me
myself or not then
the acceptable uh acceptability of the
the the users of the toilets would be
another things that we have to discuss
later but the idea would be very nice
and then we can
make use of this system then the other
one that's from
the the usf the university of
south florida that they use a bit more
simple
technology that's so-called anaerobic
system but they
integrated with the membrane bioreactors
i'm sure that many studies in japan
or even in indonesia you have heard
about that membrane
reactors but if we can scale down those
kind of
anaerobic membrane reactors that also
potentially
to reduce the the solids and then to
produce the
gas after the bioreactors and then
the treated effluent can be go through
the
the throwing of that the plant as well
so
that's the system so called the new
generators they're applying the key
features would be that the android
membrane reactors with the hydroponic
system
the hydroponic system that would be a
very interesting part as well that
if we carefully consider the minerals or
the nutrients remain
from out of wastewater it's still very
very high values
so that if we can grow a certain of that
the plants i'm sure that the vegetables
would not be recommended for this
hydroponic system but
decorative plants we can design whether
that
used and then the biogas we can be used
with the digestions and outside the
system as well for cooking and heating
but
the design is more important that how we
can
reduce the size and how we can
fabricate into the industrial scale
then the other one that's toronto uh
university of toronto that have been
using
and use that's a kind of so-called
continuous turmoil cue
that or the things that instead of
waiting for
the korean or some disinfectants but
there would be a certain heat that we
can generate from the process
and then you can have that process
in working for the piston and the
prosthetic pumps
to the reactors and then with that kind
of external heat
you can kill the germs and then you can
reduce the
moisture inside your fecal matter and
then you can reuse right away
so this would be the kind of prototypes
that
are very impressive when i was at the
the toilet expo in beijing that showed
to the mr bukit says so that
well you can having a kaiser called a
separation device
from this as a squad player and then
plastic pumps and small rings
processes so the key feature would be
here that the smoldering
process is that you can
process the fecal matter right away with
the heat productions
then you can generate the the energy
from
your fecal metals right away
and then use that the so-called
catalytic conversion and then
generate more heat and then cover all
these kind of processes in the units
but the only thing is that that what
would be the cost
not that if we apply that kind of uh
so-called f1 technologies but of course
it could be quite
effective you can kill all the germs you
can kill all the
uh the the problems of that even the the
bad smell
you can generate up to that uh right
away from the system
you can get the kind of a so-called
charcoal like a charcoal
from the system that you can produce
the other one that you may have heard a
lot for the application of the microbial
fuel cells but
this is interesting part that from the
bristol university that they have used
that
microbial fuel cell to generate the
electricity
from the toilets which can generate
energy enough for operation
of the toilet system itself so with that
kind of uh
modernized mfc they call asset multiple
mfc units that can uh
generate and then especially for the
public toilets
you may have seen lots of that the
male's rooms or the gentlemen rooms that
we separate the ui nicely but why don't
we produce
electricity out of that and then you can
even use for
uh operation of the toilet system and
then
that could be very simple but so this
would be the things that we can think
over the thing that how we can
having the higher values of your
byproducts
instead of using your urine for as a
liquid fertilizers but if we can produce
etcds then it would have more values
that
you can get more incomes or more
revenues to go for your
treatment system but anyway that's just
kind of
that the very fancy or very advanced
technology just like to share with you
but our ideas from aat point of views we
got the money we got the brands from the
transformation as well we
thinking another way around that we need
to think about the sanitation markets
we have to think about the users or the
potential buyers the perceptions as well
otherwise we will not be able to sell or
deploy
the technologies into the markets so
with this kind of
product development stage diagram that
we have developed in the past
six seven years so far we try to
think into stream that not just advance
the technology as such
but we need to consider the user
perception or the buyer perception as
well
otherwise no one would like to buy our
technology for example that from the
toronto
technologies from the technology point
of view this is very fascinating
but for the user perspective if we talk
about
the user saying wow whether it is
having any uh harms
when we use the flushing toilets into
that or not or if you thought
the flushing water can be maintained the
system
is not that easy but of course if it is
installed into the into the spaceship or
into the
space stations that could be possible
because of that
one technology is that reliable but if
you would like to apply that
to the low-income society whether it is
acceptable or not
then our technologies from ait we
have to study first like in the past we
studied
the market needs in thailand in vietnam
cambodia to represent about that if we
have two
three different uh incomes levels
uh and then different kind of a toilet
system in the past
what would be the needs how can we
develop the technologies to meet the
unmet needs
that were important for us so that that
we
developed the technology in a way with
that we so-called
so-called hybrid research that we on on
one hand we need to develop a technology
so-called
technology approach we try to define
whatever the possible technology but of
course
we need to consult with the market
researcher as well to define the unmet
needs to define the
customers or to define what are the real
problems
somehow would not be just to meet the
standards
but what are the other problems that
that we can
develop our technologies to emergency to
meet the real problems
so that we can get the innovation and
then we can
deploy the technologies to the markets
so just to review the bit of the history
of our technology
evolution of this on-site transcendental
system that
we start in the idea generation to
brainstorm
to discuss many many people not only the
engineers
or the scientists in the field of water
and solar system
but we invite the the market researcher
we invite the business developers to
join hand
into the brainstorm session that how
should we develop the technologies
whether we should like to go the same as
the us
or the european technologies i showed
you in the past that hey
we can go like that or not and then if
it is
doable yes whether it is applicable
to our country to our cities or not then
we come up with the idea that well we
will not just to go
very every advancement but we try to
define
the most possible technologies
of course in the first stage the first
two three years we have
investors money for this kind of
idea screenings but we come up to those
skills
to say that for example the solar system
idea come up with the idea that well
many people still realize or accept the
septic tank anyway
but if we can enhance the performance of
a septic tank
then we can the the market will be able
to accept the
units or the treatment technology much
easier and we'll talk to that
the other one ideas would be that to use
a so-called cyclone
separation techniques or technologies
that integrate into the system
then ideas would be that we will not go
for the dry toilet system like
the clean fuel system but we think about
that uh either in
indonesia and then we study in vietnam
with cambodia thailand that
no one would like to use the dry toilets
they have explained in the past that
even the very best uh the toilets the
dry toilets from europe
but uh from the long-term operation they
still have the problem of the bad smell
so we have no problem after the water uh
that doesn't like that the dry
countries in the middle east or in
africa so that
we still go for the the
the flashing system that either the
power flush or the flash tank
then but under our idea would be that
why don't we use the cyclone
separation to separate the solid liquid
parts and trees separately
that would be the same idea as the urine
separation toilets but
we separate the the flushing water with
our of the solid parts then if we can
separate that then it would be more
simple to treat
the liquid effects on the solid parts
the other one would be that
we realized that especially for the low
income society
we still realize on that set speed
cesspool the cement ring types
not either in thailand but i'm sure that
in indonesia
in the philippines in vietnam we also
use that for the rural
toilets such but how can we improve
how can we enhance performance of that
certificate without any
uh much of modification we think of that
why don't we use a certain reactor to
put inside the
existing says processful system and then
we can enhance
the treatment performance we can capture
the solid betters
and then we can take it out so that that
would be another i guess that would be
the three main
technologies that we come up with the
the product developments for for the
system then just to share with you first
with the philosophy tank that
you may have heard that this will be one
of the
outgoing technologies that we have and
then i just like to share with you
the video please check that whether you
can hear the bell or not
you can hear
okay that's about the week of
advertisement
i'm sorry for that but the technology
inside just to share with you the idea
is that
uh we have uh study starting from the
lab scale pilot scale and
the field scale that we modify the
simple
the solar or heat collecting system that
i'm sure that indonesia you also use
that very awkwardly
but that simplifies the use of that heat
exchange
from the water system and then heat up
into
the the tank about uh 40 to 55 degrees
celsius depending on the day time like
night time
we cannot maintain the constant
temperatures but it doesn't matter
it can function in quite well for the
long-term duration that's where we have
uh noticed so far then the
uh the system that we have it is
uh having the idea that we have the
inside septic tank that
having the inside part can so-called
disinfect a certain amount of the the e
coli
on the pathogen as well because in the
middle
of the tank the temperature it would
heat up about that 60 degrees celsius 60
to 65 degrees celsius
then this can uh help disinfect
a certain amount of the bacteria but
the outsider of the portion of the tank
the temperature up about to the 40
degree celsius
they can produce the so-called
thermophilic valve degradation that
would be very fast
verification process so that apart from
that
having the better body cd removal
the other things that we can ensure that
would be that the solid accumulations
inside the civic tank would be
much smaller from the conventional
septic tank
then we have less problem of the fecal
sludge
as well from the point of that we can
degrade more
solid factors and fractions in the
in the tank then apart from that we also
need the more
detailed research to do about that
whether it is
possible that we say it is thermophilic
biodegradations or not and then we
use the micro build techniques to
identify the groups of the bacteria the
groups of the
mechanism we found out that
many of them are the thermophilic mobile
groups that can use a lot
in the the regulation process and then
we prove that
the tbs the deductions it would be much
higher than the conventional septic tank
so that that would be the proof that
we can have the system
in operation and not only in the labs
and
we also having a long-term operation
right now
almost 45 years times already that we
maintain the temperatures in the septic
tank about that 40 degrees celsius
then we have found out that the
large accumulation inside the tank would
be much
smaller compared with that the
conventional
septic tank so that would be the idea is
that
that apart from having the better
treatment performance we can meet
at least high intentional standards but
also that
the user will have less problem of the
emptying of the tank
if you have uh using the conventional
tank the same thing that we have you can
notice here that
the green toilets here we use the solar
septic tank but the other one is not we
just use a conventional simplification
to compare right away
we asked one families to use one toilet
another family used another toilet then
with the same size of the family
used for over 2-3 years time we found
out that
the the conventional septic tank they
have much higher the sludge accumulation
that's mean that they have a burden
to uh uh emptying the fico sludge
so that would be our uh simple
ideas but even if we say that
the the cause would be much smaller from
the
technologies that i have presented to
you from the
u.s from the european technologies but
still it's quite high
about that 2.5 thousand yes dollar
but comparing the card system even if
they said they used the chinese partners
to reduce the cost
more than half but one unit for them is
about that fifteen thousand us dollars
so that uh our solar city technology
would be more compatible
to the uh to the markets and then we can
meet the same standards on that
so that would be the course and then of
course we have uh
showcase and then we have a demonstrate
that
the real application is not that only
from our
labs at the ait system but we
keep it monitored for long-term
operation to prove that it is
functioning quite well as well
then the other one that's so called a
cyclone toilet and
all the cyclone cube that you have heard
about that
so we designed this kind of cyclone
system
in a way that you can efficiently
separate you notice here that there
would be
several design of the cyclone q we used
cfd we used
the real practice of the
uh the the system to test and then
uh to also to use a simple or
the correct uh the fecal matters
uh samples that
[Music]
the toilets and flush it out whether it
can separate right away or not we found
out that
if we design properly we can separate
more than
97 of the liquids
out of the the solid parts so that would
be the ideas that we can
use and apply that but of course i can
disclose that much to you
this is also the patented technologies
and
the other things that we also apply that
not the same as
the professor
michael hoffman from the cortex but we
simplify the use of the electrochemical
for disinfection only we are not using
the electrochemical for biodegradation
process
so that we can reduce the cost so that
we can
simplify the control of the materials we
don't need to
apply the advanced metal materials in
as a cartoon anodes for these chemical
distributions
but within only about 15 to 20 minutes
we can kill all the germs
with our simple design of the eukaryotic
function for
the liquid parts so with that we also
have the same
kind of testing we having many many
design this is one design that we use
and then we have uh testing
it's not the same as in the lab scale
i'm sure that
in itb we also have plenty of the
collapse scale
on the pilot scale but in the field
scale
we have found many many of the the
operating issues that
is for it doesn't mean the same thing
like
we expect only the the the fecal matters
and flushing water but somehow
the people or the users use the toilets
with
the very hard to degrade papers as uh
the wiping papers as well so somehow it
clogged or it
is it's caught into the units not locked
into the the
separator itself so we need to
break break the units and then we do all
the design
and many things from that then
successfully we can transfer our
technology to the scg chemicals
i'm sure that you know scg is very well
one of the biggest companies in thailand
for the plato chemicals and then
also i'm sure that they invested lots of
things in indonesia
so they accept our technologies and use
that
because that's why i cannot disclose
that much of the technology inside to
them that
they having another uh developing
partners to help
in the scaling up that all the
commercialized
the technology into uh commercial scale
so that would have the up to the level
of the so-called tr the technology
readiness level
they said it is already up to eight
which is this mean that product
available
so that they can use for the 10 user per
days and
can have a life expectancy it's about
that the 10 years
and then they can meet the standard of
the iso 30
uh 500 standards i'm sure that you
in your country you may have heard about
this but i don't think that indonesian
adopt the iso 3 30 to 500 standard yet
but anyway it's the future is that if
you can meet the standards then you can
sell all over the countries and
ensure that you can get a very nice one
the unique idea is that from
the transfer technology with the
commercial design with the industrial
design
they have the better design in a way
which that our
cyclone and then they have better
treatment with the more portions
for the treatment like uh equipment the
micro bubbles equip that
the anoxic conditions and then they can
operate in a way that they can meet or
the standards
and as i earlier mentioned to you the
iso standard this is very very stringent
i'm sure that much higher or much
stranger
than our national standards for example
that
they require the tn removals much more
than
75 and also that the ecoline it should
be zero
so that you have to ensure that it's not
just meeting the
national standard but that this system
would meet the iso center
so that that is uh the the technology is
that
they are working out and then soon to to
launch into the market
and then i have heard that they will try
to
uh do a kind of fuel scale testing in
the indonesia as well i'm not so sure
where but
they will be developed because they have
they define the
potential markets in indonesia to launch
this technology
in in the in the market then the other
one that just share with you some brief
idea of the cess to fit technology is
that i have said to you that it would be
very simple that we
try to develop the bioreactors inside
the existing suspicious for the cement
ring that widely used
in our southeast asian countries so we
prove
of the concept and then in the lab in
the peloton we found out that it would
be very nice
to use that the other things would be
that well
this is not a big market because this is
for the poor people
then no one would like to accept the
technology or transfer the technology to
the market yet
but to me at least this is quite an
interesting part that
if we can define that certain
technologies that
we can improve the existing
system that we have we know that the
septic tanks or the suspicious it
doesn't function as a treatment unit
it is just only for containing
a certain period of time
after the sludge and then waiting for
the tanker
to empty it out but if we can improve
the treatment of
months it would be very effects to the
efficiencies of the sanitation system so
that would be
the things that we are working out and
then try to promote more and more that
the access to fit would be the right way
to go
or the emerging technology is that we
can indicate better but of course we
cannot integrate that
to advanced technology otherwise it
would be too expensive for
the poor people to accept the
technologies
then the the question would be to you
and to me as well that whether these
kind of
new toilets on you on site technology
can
overcome the sanitation challenge or not
as the developer said the researcher
most of you we are too busy
we will go more and more details of that
the technologies of the
the chemical system ecto chemical system
the solar system but we may overlook
some other things like
fecal slash management issues so that
would be the big question mark
that not just on on-site system or the
on-site decentralized
treatment technology we need to think
about that the fecal sludge management
issues as well that very
very important to my views so in general
we can say that the
fecal sludge will generate about that
200 to 300
gram per person per day and then in
indonesia we have almost
400 million people just multiplied by
that
then that would be the size of the
because that generated per day
and then you need to manage i'm sure
that that would be the huge issue that's
why that
it would be
not really comfortable to disclose but
we have to promote it more and more
especially our developing country is not
the the the way to go for only the
advanced technology for the on-site
system but
we need to improve the vehicle
management because management systems as
well
to ensure that it would be not having a
problem because
uh if you have heard about this because
slash concentration
is much much higher than the
domestic water or the municipal
wastewater we receive
i'm sure that most of your treatment
plans around
the indonesian cities you will may not
be able to get the body up to about 800
or 2000 milligram per liters but it is
possible
for your fecal sludge that would be very
very high
and in addition to that they would have
much more
equalized or much more helping
accessible to
spread into the environment if you do
not have any better collection of better
treatment system
so that would be the huge problem
at least to my opinion that we have to
address more
as well if we cannot change every people
to use the better on side treatment
technologies
we need to emphasize here that yes we
need to
uh treat more and more better uh because
collections so that would have lots of
things that
you have seen about that the virus
bacteria the the producer from the fecal
sludge
and now today we found out that the
viruses can stay
longer in that the costly system my
colleagues from the
uk glasgow university he mentioned to me
that the
coronal virus would stay much longer if
it is with
the solid particles so that that would
be another chance another thing that
we need to taking care of well otherwise
we spread again
then the the virus or the other
make organism will spread all over the
world and then
i mentioned that our developing
countries we have lots of problem of the
health means
it's not only the biologists protocol or
bacteria
we still have a big uh microbial system
like the helminth spread all over the
countries as well
and then in the sludge itself it has a
very
high helmet which can stay longer times
in the toilets in the treatment
technologies so the technology is for
the
fecal sludge i will not talk get into
details because we have not much of time
for that
but the technologies that we have
so-called conventional
advanced up to that the hydrothermal
carbonization or omni processors you may
have heard from
the guest foundation promotion that they
try to promote the use of that
omniprocessor also called
not daily incineration but they call
what
the steep engine to produce the
engine or to produce the energy out of
the fecal sludge treatment system they
have been tested in
us in seneca and in china as well
but it's still very expensive our
country is still relying on this
conventional system but you notice here
that it's not really for
this infection process so not very
high efficiency to kill the germs from
our conventional technology that would
be
another room to improve of our food cost
treatment technologies but another way
around that
the things that just not the technology
but we need to think about all the way
of that local resources which is not
really
uh good business for the people just to
advance technologies for example if you
say that well we need to add more
chemicals for this infection process to
the system
then it could be very costly how can we
work with that on
the locations where to be the the free
course for treatment plans i'm sure that
in indonesia you have to facing the
plant as well that
if you would like to design the uh
westboro treatment plants no one would
like to have that treatment plants next
to their household next to their
neighbors
so that the location would be much more
plumb if it is a few horsepower
treatments
and then the fecal volumes or the end
users
of that whether you can define that or
not then
we whether we need to reinvent or to
think about that
emerging a new collection and treatment
system as well or not
our ideas at aat we try to integrate
into
the collection with the treatments
because we have the plum of that
location because of we have no resources
then we're thinking of that if we can
advance the septic tank
truck the septic truck to be
uh having the treatment mechanisms why
don't we can
integrate that we initiate
with this so-called sanitizer truck that
we can have the simple solid liquid
separation at the site
it means that once you pump it out from
the
tank from the safety tank then you can
separate the solid liquid right away
and then you can uh discharge the solid
liquid in the safe space or you can have
a certain disinfection force process
to kill all the gel or you can get it
back
into your safety can for further
processes
and then therefore the business point of
views you can increase the number of the
household
that you can go now for the one day
times
instead of that only two three household
a day you may get
more than five or ten
also a day for that so that would be
our ideas for that we can increase and
then this would be
some idea in the past for the first
version of this synthetizer strap
that because to separate by using this
so-called
bio drum on rotating drum filters and
then we can separate the
solid and liquid parts and then the
liquid can be disinfected
and then so it will be dry by the
heating
itself inside the truck and then the
volume would be very small
i'm sure that the septic tank sludge the
sludge
percent would not be so high it would be
about that
maximum five to ten percent so
if we can reduce the volumes then it
means that
you can use the truck more effectively
into the further collection system then
you get more benefits
and then you can get more of course the
the investment cost for the truck itself
will be higher but
you don't need any treatment plans if
you can meet the standard so that would
be our ideas too to meet and then you
can
get the fertilizer to go for agriculture
right away
if it is having the high temperatures
most of the the germ will be done and
then remains only the
the organic parts then the the process
is working still ongoing with the
industrial partners of course atv may
not be able to
replicate this much or this size of the
system but we are in a working process
with the industry hopefully within
uh next couple years or next couple
months i don't know yet
because of the call with our industrial
partners say well we will not
have enough money to invest more then
our ideas would stop right away because
uh we are also not capable or we have no
capacity to
do this kind of fabrications for our
technologies
but anyway just to share with you at the
end that uh
from the simulation the point of views
we need to transform
uh our sensation processes or revenues
to be more commercially valuable
and then the self-sustaining system in
the past we just
wait for the government wait for the
donor
to solve the problem for us in indonesia
for sure that they would have lots of
that adp
money to come with that the big scale
treatment plans but is that really
the sustainable system or not whether we
can think about that circular economy
that from the product itself how can we
define
the valuable byproducts of products that
we can use that we can
make sure that uh all the people
involved in this kind of businesses
can sustain their business like uh from
the
the truck point of view if they are
running deficits they will not go for
anywhere
if if he just uh having
only one treatment plans uh i'm sure
that is the same in your country that
this is for my country that because the
the treatment plan is so far away
from the city and then they would not
like to go another side of the
the city driving about that 20
30 kilometers away and then back to the
service again that could be too
expensive
then they just go to the bush to the
empty lands and then
we are just about one to three
kilometers away from they
collected the household then they just
discharged because they can get the
business
they can run the business but if we
cannot think about that then we cannot
force them
to go if you can force them to go then
no one operate
for your city so that would be the
dilemmas that we have to think about
if we do not think about that circular
economies
in a way that we can create more value
from
the containment point of views from the
collection from the transportation
and also from the disposal from
treatment then
we will not be able to success the
sanitation and
the businesses as such for the means
so that's why we need to ensure that
that we should have the promising
because administration change that we
have the captures
and then the interaction and then
together with that the stakeholders with
adequate dislodging sanitation
facilities and safe handling
transport of the sludge and for
treatment as well and then
at the end we need to save this vessel
and be used that to meet the std
standards
is sdg requirement so i'm sure that
uh this wish to go and of course they
would have many of the emerging
technologies that you can plug in
to this kind of service chains you can
think about that
even from the captures like the
stakeholders that
when you should remove the sludge
just the simple apps applications why
don't we just
apply to that rather than just thinking
of only the treatment technologies they
would have many other technologies like
uh
if you can bring the people who
expert in the artificial intelligence by
not asking them to join hand with that
well if you would like to know and plan
in that one step for the logistic system
like the truck together with that if you
know in advance
that this house if you do not have any
laws to control that i'm sure that in
your country you don't have law as well
in thailand we don't have law that every
two years every three years you have to
remove but
no we don't have that much but we just
relies on that well the people that you
sell will call for the service
but it's just not easy for the business
person
to plan for when and where they will get
their customers on where to go
so that if you have more and more kind
of that assimilation
by artificial intelligence by
application so that we can
make a better circuit chains this is an
example to you as an emerging technology
to plug it into the sanitation service
chains
so i hope that if we can get to this the
better technology we can achieve the
segmentation 4.0
that we have and then if you invest more
we have another book
so called the regenerative sensation
with this
segmentation 4.0 framework
so at the end i'd just like to share
with you that the technology itself may
not be able to achieve everything
we have only the small area to play with
we can
play with the innovative system the
evening the toilets battery source
processor for example
but we need to consider much other
aspects that
how we can incentivize the stakeholders
for example
if you develop the new technologies but
no one would like to use
it useless right or if we go for that
god
non-civil sanitation how we can
recognize that all your politicians or
your policy makers
recognize and say hey this is the way to
go or
your donors like the world bank the adb
i'm sure that that most of them don't
doesn't like the non-silver sanitation
system
they prefer more the silver system or
the big centralized system
that can give that but how can we
recognize that or
how can we create the demand for this
kind of
the system the other one would be that
how can we
ensure also called the conducive
business environment as i mentioned to
you that
it should be just only forced by the
government
that you should do what is what they
should do but what would be the cost
how can we pay for that so that we need
to think about that
how to incentivize a local investment
that whether they can get a better
business like uh
the truck if they have a better
treatment system i just
i can share with you briefly about one
of the private service providers in
thailand
they can earn about that 1 million us
dollar a year
from this kind of businesses just to
have their own treatment system
then they can access more markets so
that they can
get into the system and then we don't
need to force them to do anything
but if you can ensure that they have the
conducive business environment that you
can do
you can't go for but of course we cannot
avoid this kind of policy and
regulations in your country if you would
like to get
more technology to be adopted to be
adept
in your country you need to have the
supporting policies
not really the standard to control but
for example that
the to promote of the resource recovery
how can you promote at the green stage
so similar to that the the solar roof
for example you may need to have a
certain
subsidized first at the beginning stage
and then let the
business go and then later you can get
the
the sustainable practice for that
of course of course you need we need
more standardization process as well
that
we cannot just welcome any new
technologies into the markets they may
have a certain
issue a certain harmful to your people
so that we need a certain
standardization as well
so the sanitation is not just a
treatment business as such
but i think i think would be about the
infrastructure development that
you're on on site on your emerging
technology we need to think about that
what are your infrastructure available
so far on the facility you have
then you can plug in your new
technologies otherwise
it's useless it just okay a kind of a
new technology for the people and then
no one used and then it will be killed
at the same time so with that thank you
very much
and then i'm sure that they would have
certain minutes
for your questions and then i can please
do
to answer to you thank you okay
so i think sir you take the break first
before we move into the discussion
session
so i will probably i will summarize in
bahasa indonesia
just in case tips for someone who are
not really get
very good in english
[Music]
decentralized and
[Music]
structure uh uh tamaracki
can close the this the screen
share screen so because uh there is some
uh question will be displayed by
uh by the mc ahmed you can
probably there some equation
okay ah so the so that one is the
uh from the the yellow one
so do you have a communal system for you
know the sunny must right you have heard
the
indonesia about the system
this is uh it is used in implemented in
thailand and of course uh he's saying
that
acquiring acquire the land for the
communal system
is uh is sometimes difficult
so that that that is there any
uh communal uh system in your
in in thailand yeah there there are but
but not so many
but uh it depends on the local
authorities it's not from the
the central government to allocate the
lands for this kind of
public uh toilets or the communal city
tanks
it is depends on the local authorities
like in the the dense
population populated areas in the
bangkok cities
the bangkok city view allows the
district levels to
discuss with the local communities that
hey
this is a public area whether you like
to use that for the communal acidic tank
to install
the toilets or not it is up to the
negotiation
between the communities and also the
public
space that we would like to use that or
not so it's not
just only for the government lands or
the privately owned land
somehow in a certain communities they
may use that privately owned lands to
offer for this kind of
community tank yes of course it's quite
difficult for sure
in anywhere yes
i think the the next question about the
fake house slot management management i
think
you already mentioned uh uh
about probably you can say in brief that
how it affects our slack management well
uh in you know also
big time we don't need to add any new
microorganisms
but from
our fecal matters it contains a lot of
that good mechanism
coordination already then if we add a
certain temperatures
up to that about 40 to 55 degrees
celsius
then selectively the the microorganisms
that can survive
it can grow not much faster like
methanogens the thermophilic mechanogens
they can grow much faster and then they
can
activate more whereas the others will
not be that so dominance
so we don't need to add any new
mechanism besides
that but they would have a certain
thermal felix
mechanism to grow the second would be
that interesting would be about the
rainy season
yes in thailand we also have the rainy
season right now
of course in the rainy season we cannot
capture
that much of the solar heat
also light energies but anyway
uh it will not affect that much because
we also having a certain circular
circulation if
the the water temperatures from the roof
it is
lower and then the embroidery in the
tank we stopped
circulation so that we will not lost any
heat outside the septic tank
so it will not happen every day for the
rainy seasons
but i'm sure that in indonesia you will
have facing
during the rain in thailand we have not
so long rainy rainy times for one day
for example it will be raised about that
one or two hours
at most but in your country you may have
another problem that
we need to think out over that well how
can we maintain the temperatures during
the rainy seasons
but throughout the years we found out
the temperature average
is not that much big difference even if
it is in the
cooler seasons like in the december time
it's not that much different
okay any other questions yeah that's
that's not a question i think sir
uh uh you can show the
uh the question it is it is a about the
uh energy balance
so that is the energy value from the
solar cell
yes get enough uh for
maintaining the this system and then
what
so that yeah well the energy balance we
also have
to study as well with the professor from
south africa they also interest to use
our technologies and then
uh with that kind of turmoil
considerations
of the thermal balance we found out that
this with our
solar penetration to
the system it is more than enough to
heat it up
up to the that 40 50 degree celsius of
course the higher the batteries but
you have to pay more for the
solar panels so we try to
optimize that the higher you can
kill killing more pathogens for sure
but the heat you need to invest more
the energy to do that then we are not
achieving due to that to the 60 to 65
degree celsius
then it is just to optimize and then for
the more year round
that could have enough to produce the
the products
like the good
treatment to the difference but
of course if you considered about that
energy to be
obtained from the biogas it's not that
much
compared with that
conventional digestion process of course
it's much higher than
it's higher than the solar cell detect
conventional acidic tank the energy or
the bell gas
is produced higher volumes but
it's not that we consider the energy out
of the bell gas produced from this
cell acetic tank it's not worth to
invest another
technology is to burn the biogas on one
hand we think about that well it's quite
dangerous to burn it out and then
you'll see that that would have more
technology is that to be invest
that the value of the energy to be put
in from the biogas
it's not that words to invest so that we
just
think about the other things to release
the the
gas similar to the conventional septic
tank
okay but uh the biogas production
in the solar septic tank is is
is relatively uh higher than the
confusion system
right it is yeah okay okay
and uh i think sir the other question is
regarding because you have mentioned the
electrochemical
for the uh the the disinfectant
so uh i don't know that one is a patent
over you
you can disclose or not
i can share with you some ideas about
the the practice
or the operational processes of that
electrochemical disinfection
that we apply in a way that that is not
that
continuous
applying of the electrochemical charge
into the system you you may realize that
our toilet waste water
or incoming wastewater into the system
it's not that continuously
like the big treatment plants you may
have only
few hours a day that having the
water or wastewater come to your system
then
we can optimize the cost of operation of
electrochemical system that
once you have the water then you can
activate the electrochemical processes
to disinfect
the treatment system and then we can
disinfect
the liquid efference but of course they
would have a certain technique that
how should you design the appropriate
retention time for the electrochemical
processes and also that
to avoid the the bubble gas
that can cause another uh electric
uh short circuiting into the system
that that would be another things but
ideally that would be the very simple
process
that you just control by using your
urine
that can that having the chloride and
convert into the chlorine
which is very effectively to kill all
the germs
that what we have observed we have
noticed so far okay so
that this is a uh it's converted the
chloride become the chlorine so the
chlorine become there
yes in fact uh okay yes the chlorine
becomes become the disinfectant
okay okay that uh this one is
uh i mean uh the other question is uh
because you have mentioned about
the separation between the
the cyclone the cyclone your mention of
the cyclone
at things it maybe a lot of participants
wonder
what is the purpose of cyclone
to the system because it is quite
interesting yeah
yeah that that's uh our concept would be
that we try to separate
the solid and liquid right away before
uh
treatment process to be happened then
once you're flushing the toilets if you
have uh
contact contact time from the liquid
parts to the solid parts
in the very short period of time then
the the concentration
either body or the my organisms would be
small much
smaller so that once after after
flushing the toilet if it is go through
the
cyclone separation units then
we can separate the liquid which is the
much
lower concentration to be further
treated
and at the same time you can simply use
the drying technologies
for the solid part solid fractions then
on one hand you can kill the germs with
the heat and then if you if you would
like to reuse that as a fertilizer it
would
simply simple to use that as the
higher solid content in the liquid parts
in the solid parts and at the same time
in the liquid fractions you can use a
simple
technologies like the simple aeration
process with the electrochemical
processes
then you can meet the standards so that
what would be the concept that
it more or less like the dry toilet
system
or urine separation toilets but we do
not
ask the people to stop using the water
to flush in but we separate right away
after flushing
then you can simplify your treatment
processes
but you need to have two portions one is
for liquids another one is for
sodium parts okay
so that uh do you try to the
because of you spread with the cyclone
the solid part
and then the liquid uh part so for
uh the solid part could be goes to the
euseptic uh solar solar shaped tank or
it can be treated with this system or
not
well no we haven't integrated that
system the
the the technologies that we transfer to
the scg
they used uh so-called the screw dryers
or okay the screwdriver to to right away
receive
the separated solids and then get into
the screwdriver
uh with that the intermittent operations
not the continuous operation just one
study operations
they can produce the solid fertilizers
from the liquid from the the tanks
i think that's about less than one
kilogram per day
in that very dry form and then no uh
germs because the very heat very high
temperatures is up to about that
90 degree celsius in the school drying
process
then you can get the right away to buy
products
okay so that uh i think so this one is
the last question about the
pekka management
but the fecal slug in in bandung
uh the we have we call it the
uh what you call is uh it's the vehicle
uh will be goes to the uh we have the
uh uh
lagoon so in in when we have the the
lagoon for the
uh central centralized treatment
for the part not for not for all of the
cities
but the only part of the city and we
have a lagoon
so they they call treatment between the
uh the speckled that goes to the uh
to the to the lagoon so that is there
any problem with this
kind of the core treatment within the
fecal slud in the lagoon
well ideally it should be okay
but the the the problem would be on the
the
microphone issues that in the
pathogenic mechanism that especially for
the human eggs
i'm sure that the lacun system will not
be able to kill
the helmet x it may be able to kill a
certain equalize
of eco polyforms but not the helmet x
then the remaining harmonics either
in the sludge cell in the bottoms of the
lagoons
are floating into the liquid parts that
remains a problem that that you need to
take care of
yes it would be ideal that if you have
the
centralized wastewater treatment system
then you need to integrate
the the vehicles that should be fitted
as well
but if it is the conventional
mechanical system like accurate sludge
it is a kind of a shock loadings to the
system as well
but the group it's okay you can receive
much higher the shock loadings but if it
is a
conventional aeration process i'm sure
that you will feel lots of form of the
shock loadings in terms of the ammonia
in terms of the
the salinities from the the frequency
as well into the system but it is doable
to manage that
okay okay thank you our camera i think
the time is up we have to finish our
session but
uh st tamara you still stay in the room
because we will take the photo station
but ahmad
you can close the station uh from the
youtube
so we after that we take the photo
station
ahmed please thank you okay
thank you very much for your
presentation uh professor tamara
and thank you very much also for you for
moderating this session
uh professor
who so we we have to take
we can take just a minute just a minute
so we'll take the photo session
yeah for all the participants uh you may
turn on your
camera you mentioned on your video with
the phone
station thank you
okay
okay uh three two one
okay thank you very much sir okay very
much professors
thank you very much thank you
so thank you thank you see you again
soon
somehow so thank you very much
see you again leave there okay bye thank
you
[Music]
um
professor