Kind: captions
Language: en
Uh so uh this uh morning or this
afternoon this afternoon uh we have a
guest lecture from Dr. Vatari and from
M. So uh I just like to introduce uh uh
Dr. Vatari and Hong just briefly. So uh
I will I will it may be myself I will
present just a quick uh presentation
regarding our works with and to and
regarding the uh biological waste water
treatment on the textile waste. So just
uh briefly the introduction of uh Dr.
Vatari. So Dr. Vatari uh now he is the
assistant professor. I it might be I
don't know hopefully uh you are still
now is still the assistant professor in
the in the Nagoka of technology in the
Naga Japan. So he's working a lot on the
biological waste water treatment and he
visited Indonesia many times actually
this before before COVID. So I think uh
almost uh I think in a year is a number
of time we visited Bandung and then uh
so we uh published together with uh Dr.
and also with the professor Yamaguchi
uh regarding the biological recruitment
on the textile waste and uh is doctoral
student in uh in the NA of technology at
Japan and uh currently he is working
with Pro Yamaguchi and also with Dr.
So
uh things no further ado I would like to
uh pro Dr. to present uh your
presentation directly by yourself. So
things
you could you share your
Yes. Uh Dr. Chandra thank you so much
for your kind introduction. So today I
would like uh have a lecture about the
text social treatment. At the beginning
I would like ask you to miss F to uh uh
talk about the basic knowledge about the
study waste water treatment. FA please
start your lecture.
Okay. Thank you so much for introduce
me. Now I will share my
screen. Did you see my screen?
Yes. Yes. Okay. Thank you so
much. Okay. Good afternoon everyone. My
name is Sung. I come from Vietnam and
now I'm following the PhD program in
Japan. It's truly an honor for me to be
here today. I would like to express my
sincere thank to the professors Yantra
for giving me the opportunity to share
with everyone a little bit about the
research we have been doing in Japan on
textile waste water treatment. I hope we
all today will have a nice and warm
talk. And now I would like to begin my
presentation. Today presentation will be
divided into the four parts. Pass part
pass one will give an overview of dying
waste water. This is a followed by a
short summary of the strength and
weakness of the current treatment
methods. In the third part the anarobic
arobic process for the dying waste water
will be introduced. Finally, I will
bring to you some remarkable result of
our textile diver wastewater studies
completed in Japan to date. Now, let's
start the presentation with the first
content. The first
question is
uh how much do you usually spend on
clothes each
month? According to the some reports
beside the major spending such as
housing, transport or healthcare about
the three or five% of monthly spending
of American British and Japanese is on
clothes and foodear of which the 90%
usually come from clothes. It's so that
although not a human daily needs, the
fashion and apparel industry is still an
important part of human life. That is
why this industry contribute the 1% of
global GDP and still tend to increase
every year. Asian country as the place
where the industry is very
developed. In India, this industry
contribute the 2% of the national GDP
and 12% to export earnings. Meanwhile,
that figure for the Sri Lanka is 6% to
export to the national GDP and 40% of
total export in
2020. However, in reality, it is one of
the largest water consuming industries
in the world and according to the World
Bank, this industry contribute up to the
20% of the total global industry waste
water. Now, let's move on to the next
slide to find out why.
Although depends on the fabric overall
to make the one tons of
fabrics the 200 tons of water need to be
consumed. In other words, the 1 kilogram
of fabric require the 200 liter of
water. Here you can see the stage of the
dying in which the most gone water
consuming stage are splitting with 38%
dying with 60% and finishing with 15%.
Of all these stage the dying process is
uh our most concerned stage because that
is the main source of many dyes and
cause a highly color intensity in the
eent.
Let's take a look at dice a little bit.
There are two main classification of
dice by application and by chemical
structure. As you can see on the slide,
reactive dyes are the most commonly used
dyes in cotton yarn and other cellulogic
seal painting and etc. because of their
wide range of color and brighter shade.
When classified by the chemical
structure, the color group is often used
to name XY. The bar graph shows the
contribution of the Azo die to X D type
in the pie chart. As you can see from
the graph above, the Azo structure
contributes a 90 to sorry 50 to
95% of the dilated. In particular, 95%
of current reactive dice as a dice. In
other words, a dai as the last group of
the synthetic with the contribution of
the 16 to the 70% in the total dice you
today. So our research focus on the z
types of
dice. Let's try to consider the
structure of this d. Here is the typical
structure of the symmetrical aodai
reactive life which is due in our
research as well. Structurally the aodai
chemical structure is presented by a
backbone. The also grown with the role
of the sifting color and influencing D
solubility function. Water soluble
groups and chromophor the most important
group because the color of aodai is
determined by the other bond and their
bones with chromophur and alo
chromes. So why do the dice attracts
attention both in terms of application
and environment? Let's have a look at
the dye process of senated azo dice.
After initial process as the dye go into
the dye bath. Here we have the fiber
like cellulose. After that the 50 to the
80% of d stuff will connect to the fiber
via coalent bone to make a color for
your clothes that you're wearing now.
Coalent bone will give a longer color
fess than other binding force like vir.
So the aodai become more popular than
other. However, where when the
remaining 20 to the 50% of them go also
in the die pass another reaction will
also occur which is a hydrolyis and the
competition between is and coalent
reaction to cologic fiber lead to a
large amount of highly colored water
being washed out into the natural
environment causing the serious
environmental issues And he says we need
to uh treat this before it's detracted
to
environment. Currently the physical
oxidation the physical oxidation and
biological methods as the available
technology for the treating diver waste
water. Here is the short summarize
summary of some advantages and
disadvantages of the current methods. In
general, the problem with the physical
methods even the generation and
reseration of slush and low
decolorization efficiency. Meanwhile,
high operational cost and formation of
the toxic byproducts as a common issues
with the oxidation method.
biological process asata stands out as a
more cost effective and environmentally
friendly alternative to the textile
waste water
treatment. So let's get to know more
about the anorobic aerobic methods.
Sequential combination for the textile
dying wastewater treatment has been
reported since the
1990s as so far it is still the most
logical route for the biological
treatment of textile dying waste
water. This process begins with the asob
cle with the help of anarob and
producing different aromatic amines.
This compound contain the benzene rings
which can be toxic to the natural and
humans. So aerobic follow in the role of
the total
mineralization mineralization of the
compound knows as a tox
detoxification that is the main concept
of anorobic aerobic treatment of acod
water.
In more details, the decolorization
process is as a bone cle process which
invol transfer of the four electron to
the other bond. In other words, the
colorization process of audiess is a
electron reception process in which audi
is a final electron acceptor and the
main source of electron donor for this
reduction is from the decomposation
process of another organic compound
called assisted in dying waste water
which can be a starch degradation. For
example, as reason the aerobic treatment
of aromatic amines and dolorization
intermediate is also being studied but
encounter many difficulty because of the
rich need of intermediate products and
the complexity of the industrial textile
dater. Currently our studies in Japan do
not go into this issue. So I will
briefly summarize a little bit this
process based on the some previous
study. In this process there's maybe two
process in the aerobic reactor that
scientists have reported for this
compound. The first is a
mineralization by pro arobas. This
process usually require the enrichment
of a specific group of
microorganism. Several groups of
aromatic amines have been so to be
aerobically
degradable. However, however, the
sulonated groups are often difficult to
aerobically degrade due to the
hydrophilic nature of sulfonate group
which interfere with the membrane
transport. Another process you can see
on the slide is a self oxidation or
autoidation. Aromatic am means with the
oxos hydroxy group as very
susceptible very easy to oxidation.
Many aromatic amines such as anoline
aminoidins or nylamine was found to
oxidize to the dark color polymer with a
low solubility and can be removed from
the acquate face. Overall, this is still
an interesting but complex process and
we will likely study in the future
maybe. On this slide is a summaries of
the several previous research about the
anorobic aerobic process for the diverse
water adjustment from the 2006 to the
this year 2021. In general, it is a prom
missing process for both organic and
color processing but is is a time
consuming process as well and sometimes
the color processing efficiency is not
actually favorable especially for the
anrocess when the volatile fatty acids
was accumulated.
Now I would like to introduce you a
little bit our research about the dying
wastewater treatment by anorobic aerobic
process.
In this research, we choose the anorobic
buffer reactor and dlom hang dow hanging
sponge reactor for the for artificial
textile waste water containing the
commercial auto named the hosone
reactive black sr almost the reactive
black supplied by an Indonesian textile
factory. The reactor was operated under
the about the 23 hours of HRT uh
hydraulic retention ts and over the 120
days continuously. In this research, the
compartmentalized structure of the ABR
allows a microbi group to leave under
their favorable condition and avoiding
hydro hydraulic organic and toxic shocks
which can seriously affect a single
compartment reactor. Especially the ABR
was designed with up and down line
separation up to distinct columns
instead of using buffers. This allows
the ABR workspace to be maximized and
waste water can be twisted at both the
ups and down movement in the reactor
instead of just the upline as in the
traditional
ABR for DSS. This reactor uh can run
without any external aeration. Moreover,
sponges can have a both internal and
aerobic and external aerobic zones. Thus
can both have keep the residual color
after AVR and perform arones as an
intermediate compound aerobic
reduction.
Here I show the some remarkable result
that we already got in terms of the
chment performance. In general, the
system has a demonstrated potential in
the treatment of textile dying waste
water. The total efficiency of the whole
system was uh 80% and 50% of COD and
true color with the processing time of
the 23 hour total. The COD and color
adjustment mainly take place in the ABR
more spe more specifically at the first
column. Also in this first column we
discover the predominant of the some
microorganism that have been reported to
participate in diet degradation such as
corotidium cro or srb group the sulfate
reducing
bacteria. Detail of this study can be
found in the first paper that I will
attack on the last slide.
However, the main problem of the study
is uh the movement of the slot cause the
instability of the system and lost its
original intention when designing the
system and because of the ABR promising
COD uh ABI have the how say
promising ability for the cheating CD
and color processing. So we continue to
do more in-depth research on the
ABR. That's why I show you the second
study. In the second study with the goal
of immobilizing microorganism to
differentiate the function of each
column, we added the berries within
spong to it compartment as a bioarrier.
The operating condition of the system
was similar to the mason study but the
ATRT and input COD was changed to the
evaluate the stability of the system.
The results show that the processing
performance was a superior to the ABR
without spouse with the
65% and 83% compared to the only 42% and
60% of the diet decolorization and
organic degradation under the HRT of
only the 14 hours instead of the 18
hours and volatile fatty acids did not
accumulate in the system and ABR profile
so that the addition of the porous post
to the ABR has a well fixed group of
microorganism in it column contributing
the great stability in the processing
efficiency when we change the AIT and
organic
load about the microorganism analyszis
you can see the heat map and the BCR
analyszis on the slide Here is the most
prominent 22 genera of the SSBR with a
maximum abundant defy in the one of the
column of the
0.8% more than 0.8% S% microbio growth
capable of participating in the dying
process was detected at the greater rate
and interestingly in this research
methanosina and zopactor was detected
prominently and tended to have a
proportional distribution with each
other in each columns. This may reveal a
symbiotic relationship between the two
species and have the micro methanosina
to live well. And we began to do whether
or not the symbiotic relationship or
centrophic
relationship contribute to the die
processing.
And in addition in the BCA plus so that
the spone can allow the important
microbi be retained and functionally
differentiented within the egg column so
that the metab metabolic activities can
proceed smoothly even under extreme
condition and this study has also been
published more detail can be found
there. So in general textile D waste
water needs to be treated properly
before the being distract into the
environment. The expansion of
environmentally friendly methods such as
uh the biological methods can have the
country some countries with the text
still dying as a key industry can reduce
the financial pressure when trying to
handle this. The anorobic aerobic
combination biological methods has many
potential to completely decompose
textile dying waste water. However,
after researching the anorobic system
for the textile dye wastewater
treatment, we found that the common
challenge of the aod anorobic treatment
include the the long processing time
because dy decolorization normally
depends on other organic degradation
process and unfortunately it is often
time consuming.
Secondly, the toxicity of dice and their
intermediate metabolite can inhibit the
grow the growth of the some microbio
group as especially the sensitive
microbio group like metanosense and low
concentration of biodegradable compound
can lead to the lack of carbon salts for
the dolorization.
Therefore in the an effort to completely
cheese the textile dest water we are
trying to overcome the one of these
problem and here's are the some the
publication if you are interested in it
check it
out so thank you so much that is all of
my presentation thank you so much for
your kind attention now my professor
will introduce more interesting details
news about the real ABRDSF for textile
waste water. Let's follow it. Thank you
so much.
Thank you. So I
think
okay. Okay. Can you see my slide? Yes.
Yes. Yeah. So, thank you so much Miss
Juan for uh explaining the the the
research. So, in my my presentation, I
will talk about the actual application
to the industry for textile social
treatment. So, before uh starting my
presentation, I little bit introduce
myself. I am Wati and I am belonging to
the development of civil and
environmental engineering in the Nagawa
University of Technology Japan and also
I worked in Vietnam more than six or
seven years. So I have a position in
Hanoi University Science and
Technologies and previously I worked in
the UNESCO I institute for the water
education in Delft Netherland. So I saw
that the Dr. Ed will present in the next
seminar. No, I want to
I know that he's a talk too and uh and
also I little bit want to introduce my
university because my university also
open for the Indonesian student. So my
university is uh second language
technology university in Japan. Maybe
ITV is the first in Indonesia and we are
the second Atlantic technology
university and also we are uh we have a
we are number nine ICD this is number
nine gold h university the number nine
is industry innovation and
infrastructure so we are uh our research
also belonging to the achieve this goal
nine and now we have uh 10 Indonesian
student in my university And we also
have MU video in the ITB. So we are
really welcome to the uh Indonesian
student to come to study in Japan. So
please consider it. So now let's start
uh my uh my uh top my
presentation so I cannot move to the
next slide. Okay. So as uh Mh told me
that the sty is like this that it it
always discharges the high temperature
sometimes more than 40° C and also large
amount of uh waste water is discharged.
In case of Japanese article factories 1
million cubic meter uh waste water is
produced per one days and most difficult
things is a large water quality
difference. I will uh show that about
this one. But this is uh one of the
difficulty to apply the biological
toment system for textile waste waters
and also the waste waterers contain
sulfide and also toxic chemicals and
sometimes also contain heavy metal like
a copper or copper something like that
and also a die can regard it only anobic
condition. Therefore, so this is a
difficult uh difficult waste water for
treatment. This is a picture in the
waste of the factory in Indonesia. And
this is a a photo in the studium in Bon.
Maybe you always see like this livers.
So, so therefore the text waste water is
major pol source in liver.
So in order to uh treat this waste
waters we are applying our waste water
treatment
technologies. This technology is we use
a sponge and this is developed for low
cost treatment process for the
developing countries. Actually I my
research group developed this system and
apply to the uh India Thailand for the
full scale civil story.
And this sponge can retain the large
amount of the biomos. Here is a SEM
image. This is a the pure sponge
carrier. But after operating the biomass
living into the sponge carrier and also
this uh reactor is a tricking filters
and the water come from the top of the
reactor. Then the the waste water is
dropped and drop and drop. During that
time the air especially oxygen is a
oxygen is dissolved into the w in the
water. Therefore the this reactor can
achieve the high oxygen transport
without aation and also in in this
sponge carrier they leave the many kind
of bacteria fungi or something and they
have they can eat together then the
reactor perform the low excess search
production this is a uh the comparison
when treated domestic series DH is only
0.06 06 and the activated stress process
is 0.42 to
0.46. So we uh this so for applying the
uh textile waste water treatment the HS
reactor is maybe good because in this
pond carrier as you can see in the
surface have oxygen and if going to the
inside the sponge the do is going the
lower that means uh inside the reactor
aerobic bacteria can survive and the
surface aobic reactor can survive. So we
can make one reactor in one anarobic
aerobic
reactors. So so my our idea is a
specific aerobic aerobic zone in the
sponge media can be effective to the for
the di degradation. So in this study we
are applying this reactor for treatment
of an actual tile waste water discharges
in Japan.
This is our uh experimental uh
experiment. We bring the uh tisty waste
water from the actual factories. Then
the waste water feeding to the DHS
reactors. In this research we are we
focus on the effect of the
recirculation. Recirculation mean a one
time donating waste waters then
collected. This one bring back to the uh
infant again. Then the wast can treat it
several
times. Then we try to uh uh improve the
treatment
performance using the circulation. This
is operational conditions.
So this is the information of the tech
style waste or waters. The factory is
located to the Nagoka city in Costa
University and this waste waters contain
the waste water produced from dying
textile processing process bleaching
process and final washing process. The
characteristic of the waste water is
here comparing with the Indonesia. This
is I think low low strength uh taking
sideway. This is a figure. So the total
cood concentration and the color drawing
the experimental payload right side show
the picture of the inflent and eent and
also this one is inflent. As you can see
that for the blue car we can get a very
clean water but in case of lead die
waste water but little bit become a
clear but not not much clear can not not
much clear
waters. So this is a a summary of the
excellent quality in the DHS reactor.
All operational can achieve discharge
standard in Japan. But the remarkable
things is in Japan we don't have any
standard for the
color. So anyway the DHS reactor can be
ac applicable for the direct uh waste
water treatment from this research.
Next figure show the total BOD total COD
total nitrogen remover efficiency in the
each operational
run. When we drying the all operational
run we observe the high organic
efficiency that mean that the DHS
reactor have a great
perform potential for the organically in
this style waste water.
However, the nitrogen and the color
removal had a large difference by the
operational vessel. I mean the effect of
the uh eentary circulation is is bigger.
Generally HRT extension increase the
process performance. However, comparing
the uh HRT 4 hours and 8 hours the 8
hour 8 hour is a
worse. This mean that we are considering
we are thinking that the effect of the
DO. So extension the HL the shortage of
DO because the water is moving very slow
and this figure shows DO profiling in
the sponge reactors in the sponge. Uh
you can see we when we operated
HRT treatment times 4 hours we have a
much uh Dior in the in the sponge
carrier but we operated at HR 8 hours as
you can see the DO is shortage due to
the low rate and low retention time in
the sponge. Therefore the latio of
analobic and alerobic zone is very
important for nitrogen and D removal.
So this is a uh dominant uh m the result
of microbal community uh data. The
dominant diaging bacteria is very
different between the uh uh with with
effent recirculation. Uh this is without
effent recirculation and this side with
effent recirculation.
uh the main main main dominant bacteria
in L one is a bacter. This is anic aod
degradation
bacteria. Then after that change to the
operational condition the dominant
bacteria is canobacteria.
Cobbacter this is aromatic hydrocarbon
degradation bacteria with a low low do
the dominant aodin bacteria is changed
in the do
concentration. So conclusion of the this
study is the the single DHS reactor can
perform the high organic and nitro and
color remover in actual weights. The
lacio of anarobic and aerobic zone is
very important for D removers. That mean
that circulation is is effective for the
nitrogen and color removal by ex
enhanced oxygen transfer and dominant
deg was was corresponding to the do
concentration. So from the this uh uh
research result in Japan we will apply
try to apply to the Indonesia to this
technologies. This is a Actually I think
everybody know about the current stat in
the uh indust area. I saw that this uh
this report they show that
uh 838 industry were categorized into
the six type and the water consumption
like surface water ground water was
providing the waste waste agencies.
Potent concentration in in industrial
efferent is assumed in table eight and
loading was calculated by mixing water
composition concentration percentage of
industrial industry with base
invement
effic scenario was adopted as it you can
see
that the textile order is compared with
an other
uh it is low. However, the the main uh
industry in the stadium river is tic
resour. This is a uh the total water
demand in the stadium river stadium
bison for industry is 210 30,000 cubic
meter per day and the major part of the
industrial waste water use on 84% is by
the teista industry in
upro so to implement the river liver
measures for the tista ind industry So
this must be
impmentmented. So in order to solve this
problem uh we have a uh we created a new
research
project to the tech style waste water
treatment funded by ministry of envir on
the environmental environment in Japan.
The project member is a Nihono
consultant in Tokyo and also Sanki
engineering in Tokyo and our university.
Now this project is uh conducted in 2019
to 2020 and we are trying to apply our
technology ABRD system for an extra an
actic sideway in Timahi in Chimahi.
So uh this is a pro this is a
information about the tile factory where
we applied this the name is pangaya
factories. The factory is operated uh
221 days per year and operation time is
24 hours and then employing to the 700
person 700 700 persons as a employee and
the major products is cotton lion
polyester nylon and TC the production is
420 tons and the manufacturers
processing is sorting and bleaching
dying reduction cleaning, swapping and
finishing. The important things is this
factory is not hover decisizing process.
This is very important because if hover
decisizing process, it's the waste water
contain organic then easy to treat. But
in this factory didn't didn't uh include
this size decisizing process.
The water discharge is around
1,800 cubic meter per days and the this
is a tables. This figure shows the
current waste water treatment system in
the P with factories. The
inflation tank then fated by the aation
tank then going to the clarifiers as
after that they are the DCA
decolorization agency and PAC and
polymer. Then finally this
And after uh since uh July 2019 they
they uh installed the D
resol rotation system in the
factory. So in this project we uh
installed the pyroscale ABR DHS system
and this uh figure show the uh our uh
installated
systems. Uh to the beginning a half of
Avr t was filled with excess from the
aerobic tank and AVR was sealed to keep
the aabic condition. At the beginning we
cultivated anobic organism for six
months by learning the waste waters and
we also cultivated anobic organism for
two month two months in the DHS
reactor. So this is a concentration in
the low waters and also target
concentration in the final effort are
showing below the target meet with a low
low regulation apply for the industry in
stud as you can see maybe one arm in the
car I think but a average is
2,200 but you can see maximum is 27,000
and minimum into 20 250 so they have a
very big validation and also also BOD
and COD also have big
variation. So we start the experiment
from the June 2019. The dosing date of
the agency was reduced by 45% compared
to the in the industries. Doing rate of
polymer was same as that in the
industries and dosing rate of Pac were
same as those in industry one liter per
cubic meter for L five and it was set
higher than Pangu in than those in
Pangua for L
four. So this is a figure. So the color
and the cood ding the high experiment.
After dosing the DC and the PAC and
polymer started in the L for here the
COOD is finally made in the target 155
mig per liters.
Here is a we here is a F cod data.
However, it was quite close to the
target color also. Uh sometime we can
meet a dist standard but sometime exceed
the uh standards. It is a depend on the
influ infant characterization.
So the reason why COD concentration in
the final effect sometimes ex exceed in
the target is of course the our pyro
scale system is very small and
uh water loading on the clifier is
satisfies the standard value and also
mixing the chemical is water is not
good. Therefore we will uh uh bring the
waste water from the factory. Then we
will do the text table test also. Now
this uh figure show the t result of
table test. Sorry this is the Japanese
but this
yaxis is a cood concentration and x
xaxis is a DCA dozing rate. And if we do
the good uh condition we can achieve the
uh eent this eent standard from this
table test.
So, so from the this experiment we
obtain a similar data and we analyze
that data then we can get a uh estimated
sl comparing with our technology and CAS
and chemicals and DF and CS
systems in SL was approximately 0 0.67
67 kilogram per cubic meter treated
treated uh in the uh CAS and chemical
system in the industry. In this
experiment excess is discharged from the
clarifier with volume of 55 liter once a
week. TSS is
disched
th water treated was estimated as force.
uh this is a calculation uh equation
there we obtained
0.049 kilogram cubic meter
treated water when assume that the water
contain weight waste is
70%. So the compare is that this system
and the pre current treatment system we
we expected we can reduce the th 75%.
So here also we are calculating LCC in
15 years and also greenhouse gas
emissions and also I in the timing land
area is now land is very expensive. So
we how can we uh uh reduce the treatment
plant area? We uh
calculated LCC for uh ABDH system is
lower those CAS plus chemicals but it is
a little higher than those DF and CAS
system. However, the ABRD system is
super superior in terms of greenhouse
gas emission and also sludge uh waste
and around land area in proper system
reducing effort of the green ghs and
sludge beyond comparance is considered
ventilating the company. So company may
get a good rating on the proper if uh
this system
installed. So uh this is the take home
message from the this lecture. The
characteristic of the text waste order
is largely different in each company
each factories. Therefore, understanding
the pro textile process is very
important especially with or without
decising process is very important
because the wast contain the easy uh
easy degradative organic or not is very
very important for the biological
systems and application of the combined
analic biological system has a great
potential for reducing the operational
cost also excess th and greenhouse gas
emission. So currently now we are uh
improve the treatment. We are
researching about how to improve the uh
textile waste water treatment even the
waste water didn't contain much
organic. So, so thank you so much for uh
listening and we are really appreciate
for the cooperate with Chandra Sensi to
uh do this project. Thank you so much.
Thank you. Thank you.
And okay uh things uh uh just I will I
will present briefly
uh
our so I will I will present briefly
just
uh briefly of our paper with uh my
student also uh working on the
uh biological visual treatment and also
Dr. Vatari and profaguchi also uh as a
co-author of our uh publication. So that
one is a a com uh combination between
the uh anarobic membrane uh bioreactor
and uh DHS down uh downflow hanging uh
reactor has been uh explained by Dr.
Batari. So just just briefly I will I
will uh talk briefly. So that one is a
work of my student Chudin and also with
the other student and and this one is
about the anarobic uh membrane
bioreactor. So that one is uh using the
holo fiber
membrane and then uh the the the feet is
not the real waste water but it is using
the synthetic uh synthetic one and also
with the uh uh RB5 so black uh as black
uh five. So that one is is the fit and
then pumping to the uh anorobic membrane
bioreactor. So that one is the the fit
and then uh later on put it in the in
the
DHS. So that one is the uh the example
of the color uh from the inlet and that
one is the outlet of the anarobic
membrane uh reactor. And then that one
is the outlet of the DHS. So the the DHS
has been explained by Dr. Batari. So
that one is the the new before uh
applying the base. So that one is the
after. So that one is uh basically we
are using a different HRT. Uh so that
one also different fluxes. So so that
one so the flux is relatively low.
uh between uh 2 liter m²ared per hour
until 5 uh liter m square per hour. So
that one uh just uh I will I will show
you briefly that anobic membrane
bioreactor has been a potential
uh as well uh for uh anobic uh for uh
anarobic system. of course that uh the
uh the the performance is relatively
better but as you may aware the MDR will
be have uh some other uh disadvantages
about the bofalling. So you can see that
uh the the color is is very very good.
So the most of the color has been
reduced in the uh in the anarobic
membrane uh reactor. So that further
down to the DHS. So that one is can meet
uh all the color all the bod all the
cood is is can meet uh the standard. So
that one is uh pro just to to to say uh
that uh there is a bit increase on TSS
because of uh after the DHS because no
uh separation. So that one is is is
easily uh to reduce the TSS just have a
settling uh tank after the DHS auent. So
I think uh uh I would like to say that
uh although it is only for uh synthetic
waste but an Arabic membrane bioreactor
combined with the DHS has been a very uh
good uh
performances but although the anorobic
membrane has been a challenges uh in the
I think so for the I will skip the
microb So the conclusion is that the the
falling uh the falling in the membranes
are relatively uh rapid especially in
the uh higher membrane fluxes but uh the
performance uh even with the uh FRG of
the 12 hours uh has a a very uh good
performances. So I think uh but we have
to do or we have to use and we have to
prove uh if we use the uh real water uh
for for in the future. So I think so it
might be in the future my student uh
will work on the uh real water. So I
think that one is the external
additional uh research uh of my student
working on the biological uh wish for
the treatment. So I think we will move
on to the uh discussion. I think the
hang has been presented uh the work uh
laboratory works and also myself using
the uh the different combination but uh
Dr. Watari has been presented uh the
real uh waste water using the real
textile wolder. So I think if you have
uh a question it might be
uh Eric or the the the more can you help
us with the if there there's any
question on that
please okay
this is the first question okay for miss
one it is possible that you plans for
textile was wastewater treatment.
Oh, sorry. If can what kinds of spacious
plants? Oh, you mean that using the the
plantation? Oh, that one is like a wet
land something like that. Okay,
probably or what like to to Dr. W like
to address this one. Is there any
possibility to use the plantation to
treat the textile waste water for the
treatment with textile waste water?
Uh
yes, I think there one important things
is how to
uh feed the oxygen source to the waste
water treatment. And now we are now I
and my colleagues are researched about
put some wood chip in the
bioreactor. Then if that one maybe
gradually the bacteria eat them eat the
wood chip for make getting the or
organic source. So that's why I think it
is possible but in case of textile wast
I never try to do that. So let's
research together about that
and I I I think maybe can because like
uh some Jose if we use a living plans
I'm not sure but Jose say some plant can
be how Jose say can become the natural
base materials of the low hanging sponge
you know the sponge and sometime we can
use the some space, some plants and uh
how to say created it and create to
become the create how they make it to
become the the spong the sporus post.
Our lab also have the one one student
PhD student
uh how say she also published one paper
about the about the um
naturalbased materials.
However, the problem is you know like
inside the anorobic uh reactor we have
the
microorganism that's why the problem is
how we can chase the
bacteria for maintaining for a long
time. Yeah because sometime
microorganism can can eat the plants
right and yeah yeah that is that is my
answer. Thank you so much for your
question. Yeah, things are uh as been
mentioned by Dr. Vatar and Hong, it's it
might be possible. But if you if you are
looking to the COOD and BOD of the
textile base of the phto for FTO or Phto
or FTO how you spell it uh is rather low
process. So I think uh due to like in
Bandung you have a very limited space. I
think uh the the phyto remedation might
be not the option for for treating the
textile waste for the treat textile
waste. If you have uh a rather large
space it might be
possible. I think that was the add
additional comment from me. So the turn
next
one. Oh yeah, I think the same right. So
uh what do you think to combine to the
combination of the study method with the
uh constructive state land if the land
is available? It is financially
effective or it's better you enhance the
exist one probably uh I think please Dr.
probably can address this one or
Uh yes actually I didn't much I don't
have much knowledge about the veteran
but is it possible to to detect waste
water in wetland
is
it I agree that I think the combination
of this method uh with the wetland if it
is the land possible have the the land
available. I think financially it will
be uh uh one of the uh the choices but
the the the the I think the key is the
land. So if it is it is if we have the
land because the the wetland is very
good for the nutrient
removal. It might be good for the heavy
metal removal.
things are a good idea but uh the the
key is we have a available of the land.
So that you you like to have uh any
other comment.
Um
yeah this one yeah I I have no comment
so
yeah so you can yes uh thank you so much
for the question you can uh refer the
water sensei and what broker water and
the ciantra
for the answer okay thank at home. So I
think she that's the next one it is to
to me right about the MBR.
Yeah I think so uh usually anorobic tank
has low slot uh generation and me pro
process. Uh yes uh it's correct. So that
one is possible. So the anorobic uh
membrane bioreactor is now is a one of
the hot uh issues. So that one is a you
can probably you can search and you can
see that now a lot of publication on the
anorobic membrane bioreactor. It's true
that anorobic membrane bitor is mainly
for the dissolved uh uh substances. So
for the uh
if the tests S or the slot or the solid
uh the subended solid is too high it is
it is not suitable for the MBR. So you
are correct. So so so that one is uh one
is the anorobic MBR is a hot issues now.
So there there's a lot of publication on
on that subject and it is true that uh
the anorobic membrane bitor is for the
more in the dissolve substances. I don't
know uh Dr. you have experiences with
the anorobic
MBR. If you have you
may okay so that we may move to the uh
uh the next question please. Mhm. I
think that one is to Hong and
Dr. B.
Yeah,
this what uh the employment of
spong Oh uh probably uh yeah in the in
the probably you explain about the DHS
first. So then what will be the the
possible uh future future application in
the
research please?
Uh I
so it might be you explain about the DHS
what is the DHS uh uh all about and then
what is the the
the possible research in the future? In
the future. Yes. So I
see sorry I will share the my slide
again.
Okay. Yes. This is a DHS reactor. Yes.
And uh it's like it's kind of tricking
filter and the normally in tricking
filter they use a stone or the plastic
or something but this time we use a
sponge for uh biomass retaining
carriers. Then the interesting point is
this bioarrier can retain the maybe 20
20 times higher bacteria inside the
sponge carrier then we can uh perform
the high
uh removal
efficiencies then in the question sorry
I I
I I'm not 100% understand this
question mean what cultivated by
story means about the microb
communities. Am I Yeah, I think so. It
might be uh this the next question
regarding the what will be the the need
the needed research in the future.
Future. Yes. Yes. About that point. This
is uh this
technology is almost we completed the
research and next topic is how to make
this one with cheap price.
to uh uh to apply to the industry.
Actually uh this sponsor carrier is
quite quite expensive because we make a
spawns and spawns and put put by uh hand
into the a plastic carrier. So the next
our research is how
to auto how to make a machine to make a
more spawn media with effectivity.
Now I thinking that
Yeah.
Do you have
Yeah. What is the the the future
research for the DHS if you give if you
have any other comment or any idea?
Yeah. And besides the how say uh
normally the main content of DS is a
sponge. So besides this uh using it as a
an aerobic aerobic chisman for say the
porch kitman follow the anarobics. We
also use a sponge as a good carrier for
the anarobic chisman.
uh we were very consider about the some
material like conductive material or
magnetize. They can how say improve the
um the metabolism of the
microorganism and we also know the
porous of the sponge is very good for
the microorganism to attack too. So in
the future we can find a good way to
combine the sponge with the magnetite in
the future for the anarobic jment
process. Oh with the magnetite. Oh you
put you put the magnetite uh into into
this. Great. Great. Yes. Okay we for the
next question
please. Sure you have.
Okay. Next question is about the exite.
So
uh sorry what is the next question?
Okay. Uh this one can Mr.
Please explain explain how the sludge
amount of ABR DHS method is much lower
compared to the AF CIS and CIS chemical
methods. Yes. The the first the
difference is that before the chemical
uh treatment the uh DHS water effent
water quality is better than d effluent.
That mean the water quality difference
mean the
uh if other chemicals
uh the difference of the water quality
directly affected to the uh sludge
amount I mean the if the cood is 50 and
200 it's a difference is 150 and after
at this moment they if chemicals 150
migram cod become a sludge so therefore
that not only ABRDHS reactor uh in case
of biological if you apply the
biological
treatment it it is very important for
treated water as much as possible then
the uh excess amount getting lower is it
correct answer
uh you have explained that one because
ABR and DHS as uh a very the
production is is is relatively low. It's
correct right so from dove and sh uh CSS
with the dove is will have use chemical
as well sometime you have to use
chemical so that one and also of course
with the uh CSS and chemical also
produce the chemical so I think uh why
the EBR and DHS have a uh slot the the
smaller slot production because totally
it is the biological treatment and so
that one is it is the research Why that
that one the lowest one? So that that I
think uh so that uh that's I think the
next question is is it it it's supposed
to be that one the question is uh using
the just only biological treatment can
we match the Indonesian standard or not?
uh what as as as you mentioned earlier
please. Yes. Yes. Actually uh for the
color is impossible. Color is difficult
to remove totally remove in the
biological system. So chemical treatment
is necessary I think. Yes.
Yes.
Yes. So the so that one is uh according
to the uh the research by uh Dr. Vatari
in for the real waste water not not for
the synthetic one for the real wer Dr.
Vary has been mentioned that the problem
is to meet the color standard so the
color with the 200 PTCO is difficult
just only using the biological
treatment. So at at the end still have
to use the chemical treatment is correct
right Dr. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yeah. And I I
think like maybe now we cannot uh match
the safe
concentration. However, we try to
minimize the chemical that we use is uh
yeah. So if we can uh increase the
efficiency of the biological treatment,
we can decrease minimizing the the
uh chemicals that we use in the post
treatment. I think so I hope in the
future we can we can find a good way to
uh to
biologically completely the display
waste waters. Okay. Thank you. So with
the good biological treatment uh you
need uh just only a little chemical at
the end to to reduce the color. Okay.
Thank you. So that
uh what is the average
life? Uh so the question is
relative. Uh say it.
Oh, so that that is there any is is the
the the down uh hanging uh sponges uh
should be replaced or or can be used for
uh what is the the the the the
uh lifetime lifetime of the DHS
please? Yes. So in our exper our
experience now we operate in the DHS
reactor for treating the domestic series
in Thailand. Currently now we operate
in approximately 15 years and during yes
during that time we never change the
spawns. So now I can say the 15 years
but maybe more I think.
Huh. Okay. So already uh 15 years used
the DHS without any replacement, right?
Great. Great. Yeah. Yeah.
Okay. Uh
uh so that one is the question about
DHS. How make sure that it is the
professional within anobic and oxic
aerobic
zone while in US. So I think she you are
you you already having the data right
about the the profile. Yes. What is the
key uh for
the please?
The media dimension dimension dimension
and yeah this probably that one could we
have to so the size is already correct
or not or we can reduce the size of
adjust the size or that one is already
yes so that is very important. Now we
are uh this diameter is 33 mm. This is
we designed the basic base based on the
series treatment plant data. So for yes
I think we need a optimization for the
takeway s treatment I think
and washing
the how how often I sorry I do you need
any uh to the uh to DHS I think no no no
yes no but it's regarding the uh because
uh the DHS as there will be aerobic uh
in the outer layer and then an o might
be an oxic and then an unarobic uh
inside the uh the media. Is there any uh
proportional uh zone uh to treat the
waste that uh the aerobic should be uh
30 uh 10% of the the the the sponges or
anobic should be certain percentage. So
So is there any possibility to to
control the proportional zone of the uh
the sponges?
Yes, that is very we are actually I
researched about this in Netherland in
IIG we try to cultivate anamox bacteria
in inside PS and the surface we try to
cultivate the nitrogen bacteria but
currently very difficult but very
interesting I think my college who come
from Brazil he now making a model for
optimize the uh spawn car sponge carrier
diameter is that is very important point
I think. Yeah. Yeah. Hong. So you you
have any idea is any comment further
comment.
Yeah. I think this one is very
interesting. Sometime I also ask myself
how to control the waist area is
anorobic weak area with area analysis
and how to say like I think how to say
sometime the the direction that the the
how to say direction of flow is a very
important to shape the vi is anorobic
aerobic or anosex maybe we can try to
buy this fire more in detail in the
future. Thank you so much for your
suggestion. Yeah, great. So that
uh the the next question is regarding
the uh your wish that's in come from it.
Yeah, I think sir your uh your
experiments uh in
uh Bandung is only from the textile
factory right? uh
yes yes but we already applied to
another waste water like uh of course
fish me processing waste water in Bali
and also natural rubber waste water in
betnam and Thailand and more waste water
in Thailand also we have many experience
about to apply to the other another
factories yes yes okay so
uh in Sitaron River is only textile but
the experiences from in Bali and
Vietnam, Thailand has been using for uh
a difference uh
factory.
Uh is there any other or is there any
experience to use for the pain
factory? Uh based on
uh paint
is yeah we want to try it but have to
consider how can regard it by
microorganisms.
Yeah. Yeah. So, so that uh this method
can be applied for other factories. I
think Dr. Martius has been answer so
that has answer this one. So that used
for the uh other uh industries that has
been applied for the uh food industries
and then other uh industry. So how they
the the performances in for the other
industry is is it is good or we have a
sharing a little bit of okay yes for the
fish processing wer it is very good and
we can uh uh cover the metam from the uh
waste waters and we can also operate the
factory by using that metangas and in
the moroses In the natural level factory
also we can get a good organically
memorized together with energy
recoveries. But in those
those industry we also have to research
about the nitrogen. Nitrogen is always
high especially fish meal and natural
rubber. So, so the now now our the
research point is how to treat the
nitros and in the waste water. Yeah.
Thank
you. So things uh the next question
regarding the
uh has been using other other
colors other dyes.
uh for this question now we just uh only
focus on the the commercial die stuff
from the Indonesia factory supplied and
this is almost a reactive black file and
now in our new research we we use the
original reactive black file uh before
applying to the
another another uh kind die like
reactive blue 19 or reactive bread 2. I
know reactive bread 2 is very very
popular. Uh we want to confirm the
degradation pathway of reactive black
first and yeah and after that we will
try to extend the expand the the maybe
the mix of dice or other dye. So yeah
that is the answer. Thank you so much.
Okay I think so Dr. has worked on the on
the real shorter right. So the real way
shorter is been it's combined a lot of
combined
probably uh already mentioned but can
you briefly about the result in the
different colors? Yeah, actually I
didn't know what kind
of dye contain the waste water. So but
the but the color in the waist order is
significantly
uh uh affected the performa